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Yocto Setup TFTP/NFS

Running Yocto rootfs on Variscite board using TFTP & NFS

On the Host

Prepare the rootfs folder:

$ cd ~/var-fsl-yocto
$ sudo mkdir rootfs
$ cd rootfs
$ sudo tar --zstd -xvf ../build_xwayland//images/imx93-var-som/fsl-image-gui-imx93-var-som.tar.zst

Make sure the NFS server is installed:

$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

Edit /etc/exports. E.g.

$ sudo nano /etc/exports

...and add the following line to it (replace with the actual username):

/home/<uname>/var-yocto/rootfs    *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,no_subtree_check)

Restart the NFS server:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

Make sure the TFTP server is installed:

# Ubuntu 24.04 and newer
$ sudo apt-get install xinetd tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa

# Ubuntu 22.04 and older
$ sudo apt-get install xinetd tftpd tftp

Configure tftpd-hpa for Ubuntu 24.04 and newer:

$ sudo nano /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/tftpboot"
TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"

Configure tftpd for Ubuntu 22.04 and older:

$ ls /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
$ sudo nano /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
    protocol = udp
    port = 69
    socket_type = dgram
    wait = yes
    user = nobody
    server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
    server_args = /tftpboot
    disable = no
}

and run:

$ sudo mkdir /tftpboot
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /tftpboot
$ sudo systemctl restart xinetd
$ sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa

$ cd ~/var-fsl-yocto/build_xwayland/
$ sudo cp /images/imx93-var-som/Image.gz /tftpboot
$ for f in /images/imx93-var-som/*.dtb; do if [[ -L $f ]] && [[ $f != *imx93-var-som.dtb ]]; then sudo cp $f /tftpboot; fi done
$ sudo rename 's/Image.gz-//' /tftpboot/Image.gz-*.dtb

Make adjustments to the rootfs:

When using NetworkManager on the target, configure NetworkManager not to manage the interface used for the NFS boot by adding the following to /home//var-yocto/rootfs/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf:

[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=interface-name:eth0

Enable DNS:

$ sudo ln -fs /proc/net/pnp /home/<uname>/var-yocto/rootfs/etc/resolv.conf

On the Target

Make sure you have a serial connection to the target.

Boot the board and hit any key to stop the autoboot and get to the U-Boot command line. Run the following in the U-Boot command line:

=> setenv serverip <HOST_IP_ADDRESS>  (replace <HOST_IP_ADDRESS> with the actual IP address of your host - run 'ifconfig' on the host to get it)
=> setenv nfsroot /home/<uname>/var-yocto/rootfs  (replace <uname> with the actual username)
=> setenv bootcmd run netboot
=> saveenv

You are all set. Connect the target board to the same network as the host using an Ethernet cable, power cycle it and it should boot over NFS.