Build Linux from source code¶

It is recommended to build the kernel image using Yocto (see the Customizing the Linux kernel page) instead of using the direct method described in this page. This is because some of the Yocto packages may depend on the kernel, like the WiFi module that is built from outside of the kernel source tree on some of the Yocto releases.

Toolchain installation for builds outside Yocto¶

To install the toolchain, follow the Yocto Toolchain installation guide.

Set up the environment:¶

Set up a working directory

export WORKDIR=~/imx6ul-var-dart-linux
mkdir ${WORKDIR}

Build Linux outside the Yocto tree¶

Fetch linux-imx source code:¶

cd $WORKDIR
git clone https://github.com/varigit/linux-imx.git -b 6.6-2.2.x-imx_var01

Build kernel, modules, and DTBs:¶

Set up the environment:

source /opt/fsl-imx-x11/6.6-scarthgap/environment-setup-cortexa7t2hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi

Clean and prepare the kernel:

cd ${WORKDIR}/linux-imx
make mrproper
make imx_v7_var_defconfig

Customize the kernel configuration (optional step):
make menuconfig

Build kernel parts:

Build everything:

make -j$(nproc)

Build zImage only:

make -j$(nproc)  zImage

Build modules only:

make -j$(nproc)  modules

Build device trees only:

make -j$(nproc) dtbs

The following device trees are generated:

Device Tree Name	Model
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-iw61x.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and WiFi iw61x
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-brcm.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-brcm-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-sd-card.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-iw61x.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi iw61x
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-brcm.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ull-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-brcm-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-iw61x.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and WiFi iw61x
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-brcm.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-brcm-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-sd-card.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-iw61x.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi iw61x
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-brcm.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ul-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-brcm-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-iw61x.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and WiFi iw61x
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-brcm.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-emmc-wifi-brcm-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-sd-card.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-iw61x.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and WiFi iw61x
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-brcm.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ulz-var-dart-6ulcustomboard-nand-wifi-brcm-wm8731.dtb`	DART-6UL with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi BRCM
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-nand-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-nand-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-concerto-board-nand-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-nand-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-nand-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-concerto-board-nand-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-emmc-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-nand-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-nand-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-concerto-board-nand-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Concerto board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-nand-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-nand-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi
`imx6ull-var-som-symphony-board-nand-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-nand-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-nand-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash and WiFi
`imx6ul-var-som-symphony-board-nand-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6UL SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-emmc-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, eMMC, WM8731 and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-nand-sd-card.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-nand-sd-card-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and SD card
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-nand-wifi.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash and WiFi
`imx6ulz-var-som-symphony-board-nand-wifi-wm8731.dtb`	VAR-SOM-6UL on Symphony board with i.MX6ULZ SOC, NAND flash, WM8731 and WiFi

Install kernel modules to temporary directory¶

Create a temporary directory to install the modules:

Optional: delete any old installation from previous builds:

rm -rf $WORKDIR/rootfs

Create new directory:

mkdir -p $WORKDIR/rootfs

Install the modules to the temporary rootfs:

cd ${WORKDIR}/linux-imx && \
  make ARCH=arm \
    INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 \
    INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$WORKDIR/rootfs \
    modules_install

Notes:

If you replace the kernel image (zImage) on your system, you also need to reinstall the kernel modules, and vice versa.

If you just want to make a change in the device tree, you can compile and replace it without replacing the kernel image and modules.

Install the built kernel images, modules, and device trees on an SD card¶

Copy the zImage and device trees to the SD card boot partition, and install the modules in the SD card rootfs partition. Assuming the boot partition is mounted on /media/user/BOOT-VAR6UL and the rootfs partition is mounted on /media/user/root:

Install the kernel image and modules:

cd ${WORKDIR}/linux-imx
cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /media/user/BOOT-VAR6UL
sudo cp $WORKDIR/rootfs/* /media/user/rootfs

Install the device trees:

sudo cp arch/arm/boot/dts/nxp/imx/imx6ul*var*.dtb /media/user/BOOT-VAR6UL

Notes:

If you are using our Yocto Recovery SD card, and you want the NAND flash/eMMC installation process to be updated as well as the SD card boot itself, you need to also update the /opt/images/Yocto directory.
You should always properly unmount your SD card before physically removing it.